Observation of Critical Current Minimum in Super-Honeycomb Josephson Junction Arrays

Superconductor-semiconductor Josephson junction arrays are a uniquely tunable platform for studying collective quantum phenomena, particularly in the regime where localized Andreev bound states can hybridize across the lattice when the physical separation between adjacent junctions is smaller than their coherence length $ξ_ABS>d_JJ$. Here, we investigate three distinct Al-InAs Josephson junction arrays: a square array and super-honeycomb array fabricated within this {ξ_ABS>d_JJ} regime, as well as a larger-spacing super-honeycomb control device designed such that ξ_ABSlesssim d_JJ. Under an out-of-plane field, critical current peaks emerge at rational filling factors, reflecting stable vortex configurations in the lattices. In the super-honeycomb lattice, vortices localize to distinct non-identical plaquettes at different filling factors, as predicted by frustrated XY model simulations. A rotating in-plane field yields periodic critical current oscillations that reflect the Rashba spin-orbit coupling inherent to the InAs quantum well. Surprisingly, at f = 1, the closely spaced super-honeycomb array exhibits a distinct critical current minimum as the magnitude of the in-plane field increases, a signature absent in the square array and large-spacing super-honeycomb array. These results indicate that this signature is jointly influenced by the unique geometry of the super-honeycomb vortex lattice and by long-range inter-junction hybridization.