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Quantum Simulation

<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false"></mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false"></mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> quantum electrod

Crossref

Authors: Emil Otis Rosanowski, Arianna Crippa, Lena Funcke, Paulo Vitor Itaboraí, Karl Jansen, Simran Singh

Year

2026

Paper ID

71398

Status

Peer-reviewed

Abstract Read

~2 min

Abstract Words

104

Citations

N/A

Abstract

In this paper, we explore ( 2 + 1 ) D quantum electrodynamics at finite density on a quantum computer, including two fermion flavors. Our method employs an established gauge-invariant together with a quantum circuit structure that enforces Gauss’s law. As a proof of principle, we benchmark our simulation protocol on a small lattice system of 2 × 2 , demonstrating the identification of density-induced level crossings in terms of the particle number of the fermion flavors. Classical simulations are used to obtain optimized variational parameters, which are then deployed in inference runs on IBM quantum hardware. We conclude by discussing hardware limitations and prospects for scaling this method to larger systems.

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This paper contributes to the Quantum Simulation research area in the Quantum Articles archive.
It adds a 2026 reference point for readers tracking recent quantum research.
In this paper, we explore ( 2 + 1 ) D quantum electrodynamics at finite density on a quantum computer, including two fermion flavors.

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References & Citation Signals

[1] DOI https://doi.org/10.1103/3ntp-l3s7 [2] Publisher https://doi.org/10.1103/3ntp-l3s7

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