Polaritons under Extensive Disordered Molecular Rotation in Optical Cavities

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of polaritons in an optical cavity containing one million molecules, emphasizing the influence of molecular rotation and level disorder on the coupling between molecules and photons. Through rigorous theoretical simulations and numerical analyses, we systematically explore the formation and spectral characteristics of polaritons in this complex environment. Our findings reveal that the rotational motion of molecules significantly affects the electromagnetic field distribution within the cavity, leading to distinct alterations in polariton properties. Simultaneously, the presence of level disorder induces diverse energy level structures, influencing the energy distribution of polaritons. The comprehensive examination of these factors provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between molecules and photons in large-scale cavity systems. This research not only advances the fundamental understanding of molecular-photon coupling but also offers theoretical guidance for practical applications in the design and exploration of optical cavities.