Optimizing random local Hamiltonians by dissipation

A central challenge in quantum simulation is to prepare low-energy states of strongly interacting many-body systems. In this work, we study the problem of preparing a quantum state that optimizes a random all-to-all, sparse or dense, spin or fermionic k-local Hamiltonian. We prove that a simplified quantum Gibbs sampling algorithm achieves a Ω\(frac{1}{k}\)-fraction approximation of the optimum, giving an exponential improvement on the k-dependence over the prior best (both classical and quantum) algorithmic guarantees. Combined with the circuit lower bound for such states, our results suggest that finding low-energy states for sparsified (quasi)local spin and fermionic models is quantumly easy but classically nontrivial. This further indicates that quantum Gibbs sampling may be a suitable metaheuristic for optimization problems.