Topological metal bands with double-triple-point fermions in optical lattices

Novel fermionic quasiparticles with integer pseudospins in some energy bands, such as pseudospin-1 triple-point fermions, recently attract increasing interest since they are beyond the conventional spin-1/2 Dirac and Weyl counterparts. In this paper, we propose a class of pseudospin-1 fermioic excitations emerging in topological metal bands, dubbed double-triple-point (DTP) fermions. We first present a general three-band continuum model with C₄ symmetry in three dimensions, which has three types of threefold degenerate points in the bands classified by their topological charges C=pm4,pm2,0, respectively. They are dubbed DTPs as spin-1 generalization of double-Weyl points. We then construct two-dimensional and three-dimensional tight-binding lattice models of topological metal bands with exotic DTP fermions near the DTPs. In two dimensions, the band gaps close at a trivial DTP with zero Berry phase, which occurs at the transition between the normal and topological insulator phases. In three dimensions, the topological properties of three different DTP fermions in lattice systems are further investigated, and the effects of breaking C₄ symmetry are also studied, which generally leads to splitting each quadratic DTP into two linear triple points and gives topological phase diagrams. Using ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices, the proposed models can be realized and the topological properties of the DTP fermions can be detected.