Survey of Quantum Computing Simulation and Optimization Methods

Through superposition and entanglement, a quantum computing displays significant advantages over classical computers in dealing with problems that require large-scale parallel processing capabilities.At present, a physical quantum computer is limited in scalability, coherence time, and precision of quantum gate operations, so it is feasible to simulate quantum computing on a classical computer for studying quantum advantage and quantum algorithms.However, the computer resources required for quantum computing simulation grow exponentially with the number of qubits.Therefore, it is of great importance to study how to reduce the resources required for large-scale simulation with ensured computational accuracy, precision and efficiency.This paper describes the basic principles and background knowledge of quantum computing, including qubits, quantum gates, quantum circuits and quantum operating systems.Meanwhile, this paper summarizes the classical computer-based methods for simulating quantum computing, and analyzes their design ideas, advantages and disadvantages.Some commonly used simulators are also listed.On this basis, this paper discusses the communication overhead problem of quantum computing simulation, and presents some supercomputer-based methods for optimizing quantum computing simulation from the two aspects of node analysis and communication optimization.