Sensitive Fluorescence Detection Method for Dinotefuran Using Carbon Quantum Dots as Probe Derived From Glucose and Diethylenetriamine

ABSTRACT Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were successfully synthesized using glucose and diethylenetriamine as precursors through a one‐pot method, achieving a fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 26.99%. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the CQDs were characterized using advanced microanalysis including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet visible (UV–vis), fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential. The effective binding of dinotefuran (DNF) and CQDs was confirmed by fluorescence, UV–vis, resonance light scattering, and FT‐IR. The Stern–Volmer analysis and fluorescence lifetime experiment disclosed that the quenching of CQDs by DNF was a static quenching process. Based on the interaction, a novel fluorescence method for determining DNF was established. Under optimized experimental conditions, the concentration of DNF had a linear relationship with the ratio of fluorescence intensity. The linear range was from 0.20 to 56.62 μg mL −1 , whereas the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 17.68 and 58.93 ng mL −1 , respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine DNF in potato, sweet potato, apple, pear, and cabbage samples.