Geometrical interpretation of the argument of Bargmann invariants and weak values in N-level quantum systems applying the Majorana symmetric representation

In this paper, we study the argument of weak values of general observables, succeeding to give a geometric description to this argument on the Bloch sphere. We apply the Majorana symmetric representation to reach this goal. The weak value of a general observable is proportional to the weak value of an effective projector: it arises from the normalized application of the observable over the initial state, with a constant of proportionality that is real. The argument of the weak value of a projector on a pure state of an N-level system corresponds to a symplectic area in the complex projective space \(CP^N-1\), which can be represented geometrically with a sum of N-1 solid angles on the Bloch sphere using the Majorana stellar representation. Here, we show that the argument of the weak value of a general observable can be described, using Majorana representation, as the sum of N-1 solid angles on the Bloch sphere, merging both studies. These two approaches provide two geometrical descriptions, a first one in CP^N-1 and a second one on the Bloch sphere, after mapping the problem from the original space \(CP^N-1\) by making use of the Majorana representation. These results can also be applied to the argument of the third-order Bargmann invariant, the most fundamental order as the argument of any higher order invariant can be expressed as a sum of the argument of third-order Bargmann invariants. Finally, we focus on the argument of the weak value of a general spin-1 operator when its modulus diverges towards infinity. This divergence amplifies signals with great usefulness in experiments.