Broadband Quantum Photon Source in Step-Chirped Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Broadband nonlinear optical devices play a critical role in both classical and quantum optics. Here, we design and fabricate a 6.82-mm-long step-chirped periodically poled lithium niobate (CPPLN) waveguide on lithium niobate on insulator, which enables quasi-phase matching over a broad bandwidth for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The SHG achieves an average efficiency of 54.4%/W/cm² over the first-harmonic wavelength range of 1510 nm-1620 nm, paving the way for realizing SPDC across a wide range of pump wavelengths. For SPDC, by tuning the pump wavelength to 775 nm, 780 nm, and 785 nm, we achieve broadband photon-pair generation with a maximum full bandwidth and brightness up to 99 THz (846 nm) and 20 GHz/mW/nm, respectively. Our findings provide an efficient and experiment-friendly approach for generating broadband photon pairs, which holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum metrology.