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Quantum Foundations

Can present be the average of the future?

arXiv

Authors: Z. Gedik

Year

2026

Paper ID

48896

Status

Preprint

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~2 min

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Abstract

We introduce a two state vector formalism of quantum mechanics by generalizing Bell's hidden variable model to higher dimensions and by attributing a physical significance (a state evolving backward in time) to the hidden variable. A simple deterministic and time symmetric rule for measurement outcomes allows us to obtain the Born rule. It turns out that probabilistic outcomes can be derived from a deterministic assignment and averaging over all possible future states traveling backward in time. The assignment rule provides an alternative statement and demonstration of the Pusey, Barrett, Rudolph theorem.

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This paper contributes to the Quantum Foundations research area in the Quantum Articles archive.
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We introduce a two state vector formalism of quantum mechanics by generalizing Bell's hidden variable model to higher dimensions and by attributing a physical significance (a...

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References & Citation Signals

[1] DOI https://doi.org/arXiv:2604.11968 [2] arXiv https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11968 [3] Publisher https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11968

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External citation index: OpenAlex citation signal • updated 2026-06-11 08:01:33

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