Recent advances and perspectives in quantum electrical metrology with epitaxial graphene

Abstract Quantum electrical metrology is an important application of collective states of matter. One prominent example is the quantum Hall condensate, which is essential for the realization of the resistance unit, the ohm. In graphene, the linear energy-momentum dispersion of quasiparticles allows for a practical realization of the quantum Hall resistance standard under easily accessible experimental conditions of temperature and magnetic field. With the maturity of technology, epitaxial graphene devices are now gradually deployed for primary resistance quantum standards at national metrology institutes. Here, we present the latest advances and future perspectives of graphene-based quantum electrical metrology, highlighting how this material can not only improve the realization conditions for the quantum resistance standard but also extend quantum-accurate realization of the ohm for the betterment of impedance and current metrology.