Rotational synchronization of two non-contact nanoparticles

Proposing a system of two rotatable nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, using the framework of canonical quantization, the electromagnetic and matter fields have been quantized. The non-contact frictional torque, affecting the rotation of NPs due to the presence of electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations and also by the matter field fluctuations have been derived. Considering the distance between NPs less than 100 nm in the near-field, we observe the rotations are phase locked. It has been shown that the electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations play the role of noises to break down the synchronization. Also surprisingly, we find the frictional torque between NPs in the near-field is much bigger than the popular contact friction between them where it causes a robust synchronization in the near-field.