φ₀-junction and Josephson diode effect in high-temperature superconductor

Motivated by recent progress in both the Josephson diode effect (JDE) and the high-temperature Josephson junction, we propose to realize the JDE in an s-wave/d-wave/s-wave (s-d-s) superconductor junction and investigate the high-temperature superconducting order parameters. The interlayer coupling between s-wave and d-wave superconductors can induce an effective d+is superconducting state, spontaneously breaking time-reversal symmetry. The asymmetric s-d interlayer couplings break the inversion symmetry. Remarkably, the breaking of these two symmetries leads to a φ₀-junction but does not generate JDE. We find that the emergence of the JDE in this junction depends on the C₄ rotational symmetry of the system. Although breaking C₄ rotational symmetry does not affect time-reversal and inversion symmetries, it can control the magnitude and polarity of diode efficiency. Furthermore, we propose observing C₄ symmetry breaking controlled JDE through asymmetric Shapiro steps. Our work suggests a JDE mechanism that relies on high-temperature d-wave pairing, which could inversely contribute to a potential experimental method for detecting the unconventional pairing symmetry in superconductors.