Effects of position-dependent mass (PDM) on the bound-state solutions of a massive spin-0 particle subjected to the Yukawa potential

With the advent of Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, Klein and Gordon made the first attempt to elevate time to the status of a coordinate in the Schrödinger equation. In this study, we graphically discuss the eigenfunctions and eigenenergies of the Klein-Gordon equation with a Yukawa-type potential (YP), within a position-dependent mass (PDM) framework. We conclude that the PDM leads to the equivalence of the positive $E^+$ and negative $E^-$ solution states at low energies. We observe that in the energy spectrum as a function of η (YP intensity factor), the PDM can induce gap closure at the critical point where E^+ and E^- become imaginary. In the spectrum as a function of α (YP shielding factor), it can compel the energies to be zero at α=0, instead of being equal to \(m_0c²\) as in the invariant mass case.