Group representation approach to 1 - N universal quantum cloning machines

In this work, we revisit the problem of finding an admissible region of fidelities obtained after an application of an arbitrary 1 → N universal quantum cloner which has been recently solved in [A. Kay et al., Quant. Inf. Comput 13, 880 (2013)] from the side of cloning machines. Using group-theory formalism, we show that the allowed region for fidelities can be alternatively expressed in terms of overlaps of pure states with recently found irreducible representations of the commutant U otimes U otimes ldots otimes U otimes U^*, which gives the characterization of the allowed region where states being cloned are figure of merit. Additionally, it is sufficient to take pure states with real coefficients only, which makes calculations simpler. To obtain the allowed region, we make a convex hull of possible ranges of fidelities related to a given irrep. Subsequently, two cases: 1 → 2 and 1 → 3 cloners, are studied for different dimensions of states as illustrative examples.