Performance of Quantum Batteries in a Collision Model

ABSTRACT This study investigates the charging performance of single‐qubit and multi‐qubit quantum batteries in both Markovian and non‐Markovian environments. Using the collision model to simulate a bosonic bath, we provide a detailed study of the impact of temperature on battery performance through both analytical and numerical solutions in a prepared thermal bath, demonstrating that high temperature generally suppresses steady‐state ergotropy of quantum batteries, while also accelerating the convergence to the steady state. By applying the Luo‐Fu‐Song measure of non‐Markovianity, it is found that the information backflow generated in a non‐Markovian environment further enhances the battery's ergotropy and speeds up the approach to the steady state. Additionally, when studying multi‐qubit quantum battery, we consider each individual spin as an independent battery unit. The results show that non‐Markovian memory effects allow spins directly coupled to the bath to store more energy. Notably, with elevated temperature even enhancing their steady‐state ergotropy due to information backflow. Finally, we find that the battery's mixedness is always positively correlated with the unavailable energy. This provides theoretical support for distributed energy extraction in quantum batteries.