Synthesis and characterization of carbon-based quantum dots for use in biotechnology

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are spherical nanoparticles (CNPs) with a size between 2-10 nm and a crystalline structure. They have unique properties, such as high biocompatibility and luminescence produced by their absorbance and emission of light. This shows optical properties that are not seen in larger scale materials. Due to their low toxicity, CQDs offer a versatile platform for various applications, including medical diagnosis, bioimaging, substance detection, controlled drug release, photodynamic therapy and biomarking techniques. They can be synthesized by methods such as ultrasound and microwaves, pyrolysis, hydrothermal synthesis, or exfoliation of carbon materials. Their study and development is an active area of research in biotechnology, nanotechnology and materials science. This work focuses on the properties that this type of nanoparticle has, the synthesis used for its manufacture and the possible uses as a tool in different biotechnological processes.