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Paper 1

Quantum Computing Systems Implementation and Operations: Technical, Ethical, and National Security Perspectives

Professor of Computer Science and Fellow of the Royal Society Fellow of the British Computer Society (Fellowship, Quantum & Information Security Specialists Committees) American International University West Africa College of Management and Information Technology Kannifing, The Gambia, O. E. Ademola

Year: 2025
Journal: Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal Publication
DOI: 10.22624/aims/bhi/v11n4p3x
arXiv: -

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computational science, offering unprecedented capabilities to solve problems beyond the reach of classical systems. Yet, its implementation and operation involve profound challenges, spanning technical, infrastructural, ethical, and national security dimensions. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of quantum computing systems, examining physical platforms, error correction, qubit connectivity, algorithm design, and industry applications. A case study on national security highlights the urgency of preparing for “Q-Day”—the moment when quantum computers can break classical encryption. Ethical analysis explores privacy, equity, governance, and responsibility, emphasising the need for global frameworks to ensure responsible deployment. By synthesising interdisciplinary perspectives, the study proposes a holistic framework for harnessing quantum computing responsibly, equitably, and securely. Keywords: Quantum computing; National security; Ethical frameworks; Implementation; Systems Operations; Error correction; Infrastructure; Governance Journal Reference Format: Ademola, O.E. (2025): Quantum Computing Systems Implementation and Operations: Technical, Ethical, and National Security Perspectives. Journal of Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities and Development Res. Vol. 11 No. 4. Pp 37-52. https://www.isteams.net/behavioralinformaticsjournal . dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/BHI/V11N4P3x

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Paper 2

Quantum Approximate Bayesian Optimization Algorithms with Two Mixers and Uncertainty Quantification

Jungin E. Kim, Yan Wang

Year: 2023
Journal: arXiv preprint
DOI: arXiv:2307.16335
arXiv: 2307.16335

The searching efficiency of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm is dependent on both the classical and quantum sides of the algorithm. Recently a quantum approximate Bayesian optimization algorithm (QABOA) that includes two mixers was developed, where surrogate-based Bayesian optimization is applied to improve the sampling efficiency of the classical optimizer. A continuous-time quantum walk mixer is used to enhance exploration, and the generalized Grover mixer is also applied to improve exploitation. In this paper, an extension of QABOA is proposed to further improve its searching efficiency. The searching efficiency is enhanced through two aspects. First, two mixers, including one for exploration and the other for exploitation, are applied in an alternating fashion. Second, uncertainty of the quantum circuit is quantified with a new quantum Matérn kernel based on the kurtosis of the basis state distribution, which increases the chance of obtaining the optimum. The proposed new two-mixer QABOA$'$s with and without uncertainty quantification are compared with three single-mixer QABOA$'$s on five discrete and four mixed-integer problems. The results show that the proposed two-mixer QABOA with uncertainty quantification has the best performance in efficiency and consistency for five out of the nine tested problems. The results also show that QABOA with the generalized Grover mixer performs the best among the single-mixer algorithms, thereby demonstrating the benefit of exploitation and the importance of dynamic exploration-exploitation balance in improving searching efficiency.

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