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Paper 1

Tsim: Fast Universal Simulator for Quantum Error Correction

Rafael Haenel, Xiuzhe Luo, Chen Zhao

Year

2026

Journal

arXiv preprint

DOI

arXiv:2604.01059

arXiv

2604.01059

We present Tsim, an open-source high-throughput simulator for universal noisy quantum circuits targeting quantum error correction. Tsim represents quantum circuits as ZX diagrams, where Pauli channels are modeled as parameterized vertices. Diagrams are simplified via parameterized ZX rules, and then compiled for vectorized sampling with GPU acceleration. After the one-time compilation, one can sample detector or measurement shots in linear time in the number of Clifford gates and exponentially only in the number of non-Clifford gates. Tsim implements the Stim API and fully supports the Stim circuit format, extending it with T and arbitrary single-qubit rotation instructions. For low-magic circuits, Tsim throughput can match the sampling performance of Stim.

Paper 2

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