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Paper 1

Architecting a reliable quantum operating system: microkernel, message passing and supercomputing

Alexandru Paler

Year

2024

Journal

arXiv preprint

DOI

arXiv:2410.13482

arXiv

2410.13482

A quantum operating system (QCOS) is a classic software running on classic hardware. The QCOS is preparing, starting, controlling and managing quantum computations. The reliable execution of fault-tolerant quantum computations will require the QCOS to be as reliable and fault-tolerant as the computation itself. In the following, we discuss why a QCOS should be architected according to the following principles: 1) using a microkernel; 2) the components are working in an aggregated, non-stacked manner and communicate by message passing; 3) the components are executed by default on supercomputers, unless there are very good reasons not to. These principles can guarantee that the execution of error-corrected, fault-tolerant quantum computation is not vulnerable to the failures of the QCOS.

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Paper 2

Quantum Group Actions

Tomoyuki Morimae, Keita Xagawa

Year

2024

Journal

arXiv preprint

DOI

arXiv:2410.04777

arXiv

2410.04777

In quantum cryptography, there could be a new world, Microcrypt, where cryptography is possible but one-way functions (OWFs) do not exist. Although many fundamental primitives and useful applications have been found in Microcrypt, they lack ``OWFs-free'' concrete hardness assumptions on which they are based. In classical cryptography, many hardness assumptions on concrete mathematical problems have been introduced, such as the discrete logarithm (DL) problems or the decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) problems on concrete group structures related to finite fields or elliptic curves. They are then abstracted to generic hardness assumptions such as the DL and DDH assumptions over group actions. Finally, based on these generic assumptions, primitives and applications are constructed. The goal of the present paper is to introduce several abstracted generic hardness assumptions in Microcrypt, which could connect the concrete mathematical hardness assumptions with applications. Our assumptions are based on a quantum analogue of group actions. A group action is a tuple $(G,S,\star)$ of a group $G$, a set $S$, and an operation $\star:G\times S\to S$. We introduce a quantum analogue of group actions, which we call quantum group actions (QGAs), where $G$ is a set of unitary operators, $S$ is a set of states, and $\star$ is the application of a unitary on a state. By endowing QGAs with some reasonable hardness assumptions, we introduce a natural quantum analogue of the decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption and pseudorandom group actions. Based on these assumptions, we construct classical-query pseudorandom function-like state generators (PRFSGs). Because classical group actions are instantiated with many concrete mathematical hardness assumptions, our QGAs could also have some concrete (even OWFs-free) instantiations.

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