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Paper 1

Post-Quantum and Code-Based Cryptography—Some Prospective Research Directions

Chithralekha Balamurugan, Kalpana Singh, Ganeshvani Ganesan, Muttukrishnan Rajarajan

Year

2021

Journal

Cryptography

DOI

10.3390/cryptography5040038

arXiv

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Cryptography has been used from time immemorial for preserving the confidentiality of data/information in storage or transit. Thus, cryptography research has also been evolving from the classical Caesar cipher to the modern cryptosystems, based on modular arithmetic to the contemporary cryptosystems based on quantum computing. The emergence of quantum computing poses a major threat to the modern cryptosystems based on modular arithmetic, whereby even the computationally hard problems which constitute the strength of the modular arithmetic ciphers could be solved in polynomial time. This threat triggered post-quantum cryptography research to design and develop post-quantum algorithms that can withstand quantum computing attacks. This paper provides an overview of the various research directions that have been explored in post-quantum cryptography and, specifically, the various code-based cryptography research dimensions that have been explored. Some potential research directions that are yet to be explored in code-based cryptography research from the perspective of codes is a key contribution of this paper.

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Paper 2

Synthesis of Arbitrary Quantum Circuits to Topological Assembly: Systematic, Online and Compact

Alexandru Paler, Austin G. Fowler, Robert Wille

Year

2017

Journal

arXiv preprint

DOI

arXiv:1711.01387

arXiv

1711.01387

It is challenging to transform an arbitrary quantum circuit into a form protected by surface code quantum error correcting codes (a variant of topological quantum error correction), especially if the goal is to minimise overhead. One of the issues is the efficient placement of magic state distillation sub circuits, so-called distillation boxes, in the space-time volume that abstracts the computation's required resources. This work presents a general, systematic, online method for the synthesis of such circuits. Distillation box placement is controlled by so-called schedulers. The work introduces a greedy scheduler generating compact box placements. The implemented software, whose source code is available online, is used to illustrate and discuss synthesis examples. Synthesis and optimisation improvements are proposed.

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